Misinformation, Disinformation

2024-04-13

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1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from a reader in South Korea.
    • 2
  • Hello, dear my teacher.
    • 3
  • I'm Lim from South Korea.
    • 4
  • This year 2024, there are many news reports about elections all over the world.
    • 5
  • I see the word 'fake news' in many articles, but I can't tell the difference between 'disinformation' and 'misinformation.'
    • 6
  • Could you explain exactly the difference showing different example expressions?
    • 7
  • I always thank you.
    • 8
  • Gyeonggyun Lim
    • 9
  • Thank you for writing, Lim. This is a very good question.
    • 10
  • Mis- and dis- are both common prefixes in English.
    • 11
  • Prefixes are letters we add to the beginning of a word.
    • 12
  • Each prefix has a meaning. Adding a prefix to a word makes a new word with a new meaning.
    • 13
  • Let's start with mis- and misinformation.
    • 14
  • Mis- means "bad" or "wrong."
    • 15
  • For example, add mis- to adventure and we get the new word misadventure.
    • 16
  • A misadventure is an unlucky event or a bad adventure or experience.
    • 17
  • So, misinformation means "wrong or bad information."
    • 18
  • Misinformation often comes from someone misunderstanding something.
    • 19
  • We often use misinformation with the phrase "a lot of."
    • 20
  • For example:
    • 21
  • There is a lot of misinformation on the internet.
    • 22
  • Next let's look at disinformation. Dis- means "not" or "none."
    • 23
  • For example, if we add dis- to agree, the new word disagree means to "not agree."
    • 24
  • It might seem like disinformation just means "not information."
    • 25
  • But its meaning is more complex than that.
    • 26
  • Disinformation means false information that is spread on purpose.
    • 27
  • A person, group, or government can spread disinformation.
    • 28
  • Their goal is to hide the truth or trick people.
    • 29
  • We often use disinformation with the word campaign.
    • 30
  • For example:
    • 31
  • I hope the disinformation campaign does not work.
    • 32
  • Someone who spreads disinformation knows that the information is untrue.
    • 33
  • But when misinformation spreads, it is generally not done to deceive, or trick, people.
    • 34
  • We often use both misinformation and disinformation with the word spread.
    • 35
  • Note that "spread" can be a verb or a noun.
    • 36
  • For example,
    • 37
  • The internet spreads a lot of misinformation.
    • 38
  • The government should stop the spread of disinformation.
    • 39
  • We hope this explanation has helped you, Lim.
    • 40
  • Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
    • 41
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
    • 42
  • I'm Gena Bennett.
    • 1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from a reader in South Korea.
    • 2
  • Question
    • 3
  • Hello, dear my teacher.
    • 4
  • I'm Lim from South Korea.
    • 5
  • This year 2024, there are many news reports about elections all over the world. I see the word 'fake news' in many articles, but I can't tell the difference between 'disinformation' and 'misinformation.' Could you explain exactly the difference showing different example expressions?
    • 6
  • I always thank you.
    • 7
  • Gyeonggyun Lim
    • 8
  • Answer
    • 9
  • Thank you for writing, Lim. This is a very good question.
    • 10
  • Mis- and dis- are both common prefixes in English. Prefixes are letters we add to the beginning of a word. Each prefix has a meaning. Adding a prefix to a word makes a new word with a new meaning.
    • 11
  • Let's start with mis- and misinformation.
    • 12
  • Mis- means "bad" or "wrong." For example, add mis- to adventure and we get the new word misadventure. A misadventure is an unlucky event or a bad adventure or experience.
    • 13
  • So, misinformation means "wrong or bad information." Misinformation often comes from someone misunderstanding something.
    • 14
  • We often use misinformation with the phrase "a lot of."
    • 15
  • For example:
    • 16
  • There is a lot of misinformation on the internet.
    • 17
  • Next let's look at disinformation. Dis- means "not" or "none." For example, if we add dis- to agree, the new word disagree means to "not agree."
    • 18
  • It might seem like disinformation just means "not information." But its meaning is more complex than that. Disinformation means false information that is spread on purpose. A person, group, or government can spread disinformation. Their goal is to hide the truth or trick people.
    • 19
  • We often use disinformation with the word campaign. For example:
    • 20
  • I hope the disinformation campaign does not work.
    • 21
  • Someone who spreads disinformation knows that the information is untrue. But when misinformation spreads, it is generally not done to deceive, or trick, people.
    • 22
  • We often use both misinformation and disinformation with the word spread. Note that "spread" can be a verb or a noun.
    • 23
  • For example,
    • 24
  • The internet spreads a lot of misinformation.
    • 25
  • The government should stop the spread of disinformation.
    • 26
  • We hope this explanation has helped you, Lim.
    • 27
  • Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
    • 28
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
    • 29
  • I'm Gena Bennett.
    • 30
  • Gena Bennett wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.